Result of Service
Deliverables 1. NFR Inventory Data for the Industrial Processes and Solvent Use Sector: Collection, verification and updating of the relevant NFR inventory data, including activity data, air pollutant emissions, and documentation of the methodologies and emission factors used. 2. Industrial Processes and Solvent Use Emission Projections: WM projections for 2030, 2035 and 2040 by pollutant and NFR category, WAM projections where necessary, and assessment against applicable national ERCs. 3. Short Sectoral Report and Calculation Files: Technical report documenting historical emission trends, activity projections, assumptions, methodologies, emission factors, quality assurance, uncertainty assessment and recommendations for industrial process and solvent-related emission reduction measures. Editable calculations, projection tables and supporting datasets shall also be provided. All deliverables shall be submitted in English, with calculations and supporting datasets provided in editable formats, including Excel where appropriate.
Duties and Responsibilities
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment. UNEP-CCC is a leading international advisory institution on energy, climate and sustainable development. Its work focuses on helping developing countries and emerging economies transition to low-carbon development pathways and supporting the integration of climate resilience into national development. UNEP-CCC is actively involved in the implementation of the UN Environment Climate Change Strategy and Energy Programme. The NDC Partnership Action Fund (PAF) implementation team in Moldova requires a National Consultant for Air Pollutant Emission Projections with a focus on Industrial Production and Product Use (IPPU) related emissions. Moldova is preparing its 2026–2029 National Air Pollution Control Programme to meet national emission reduction targets for key air pollutants by 2030 and beyond. Under the NDC Partnership project, the consultant will develop and update relevant sectoral air pollutant inventory and emission projections to 2040 using international reporting standards and national energy data. The role is critical to supporting the Government of Moldova in delivering its air quality and climate commitments. The Republic of Moldova is developing the National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP) for 2026–2029 in accordance with Article 8(d) of Law No. 98/2022 on Atmospheric Air Quality. The NAPCP includes the national Emission Reduction Commitments (ERCs) established by Government Decision No. HG593/2024 of 28 August 2024 for nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), ammonia (NH₃) and fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅). The commitments establish emission reduction targets for 2030–2039 and from 2040 onwards, relative to 2020 emission levels. Under the NDC Partnership Action Fund (PAF) Moldova Project, the Consultant will collect, verify and update the air pollutant emission inventory data for the Industrial Processes and Solvent Use sector in the relevant Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR) tables and prepare emission projections through 2040. The work shall follow the reporting requirements of the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), Annex I to the 2023 CLRTAP Reporting Guidelines and the applicable EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook methodologies. The assignment will cover relevant industrial process, solvent use and other product-use source categories, using historical inventory data, industrial production statistics, solvent and product consumption data, emission factors and documented assumptions. Industrial fuel combustion shall be addressed under the relevant Energy sector NFR categories to avoid double counting. Based on the historical emission inventory and the effects of policies and measures already implemented or adopted, the Consultant will prepare With Measures (WM) emission projections for 2030, 2035 and 2040. The projections will support the assessment of national ERC compliance and the identification of potential emission reduction gaps. With Additional Measures (WAM) projections will be prepared where necessary, to assess the potential impact of additional technically feasible and cost-effective measures. The assignment will contribute to CLRTAP inventory reporting, implementation of the NAPCP 2026–2029, assessment of progress towards the national ERCs and identification of priorities for reducing emissions from industrial processes, solvent use and other relevant product-use activities. Objectives: To collect, verify and update the air pollutant emission inventory for the Industrial Processes and Solvent Use sector and prepare emission projections for 2030, 2035 and 2040, disaggregated by pollutant and relevant NFR source category, under the WM scenario and, where necessary, the WAM scenario. Task 1. Review of historical emissions and industrial activity data Review historical emissions and relevant NFR inventory data for the Industrial Processes and Solvent Use sector; Collect and analyse available data on industrial production volumes, relevant industrial subsectors, process technologies, raw materials and production methods; Collect and review available information on solvent and other product consumption, solvent content, product composition and emission-control technologies; Review relevant industrial emissions legislation, permitting requirements, applicable Best Available Techniques (BAT) conclusions, environmental standards and adopted policies and measures affecting air pollutant emissions; Identify data gaps, methodological limitations and uncertainties affecting the inventory and emission projections. Task 2. Preparation of the WM scenario Establish the baseline year and document assumptions concerning future industrial production, process technologies and solvent and product use; Prepare activity projections for 2030, 2035 and 2040 by relevant NFR source category; Account for the expected effects of adopted policies and measures, including industrial process modernisation, cleaner production, changes in production volumes, substitution of products containing solvents, reduced solvent content, improved emission capture and treatment, and implementation of applicable industrial emission-control requirements; Apply the appropriate EMEP/EEA methodologies and emission factors, taking into account the relevant source-specific calculation methods and available activity data; Calculate projected emissions by pollutant, NFR category and projection year; Document the activity projections, assumptions, emission factors and methods used in the calculations. Task 3. ERC assessment and WAM scenario, where necessary Assess projected emissions from industrial processes and solvent use against the applicable national ERCs, taking into account the contribution of this sector to national emission reduction targets; Identify industrial subsectors and source categories that contribute significantly to projected emissions or may present risks to achieving the national ERCs, particularly for NMVOCs, SO₂, NOx and PM₂.₅, where relevant; Where necessary, identify additional measures, including cleaner production, process optimisation, substitution of high-emitting products, reduced solvent content, improved solvent management, enhanced emission capture and treatment, and other technically feasible measures; Estimate the expected emission reduction effects and prepare WAM projections where required; Document the assumptions, expected implementation timelines, technical requirements and data limitations associated with the proposed additional measures. Task 4. Quality assurance and conclusions on ERCs for the National Air Pollution Control Programme Document the methodologies, emission factors, assumptions, uncertainties and data limitations applied in the calculations; Prepare sectoral projection tables, charts and editable calculation files; Provide conclusions on the contribution of the Industrial Processes and Solvent Use sector to achieving the national ERCs and recommendations on emission reduction priorities relevant to national air pollution control planning and monitoring. The pollutants to be assessed shall include NOx, NMVOCs, SO₂, NH₃ and PM₂.₅, where applicable to the source categories concerned. The Consultant shall follow the national NFR inventory structure and the applicable EMEP/EEA methodologies. Industrial fuel combustion shall be covered by the Energy sector consultant where classified under the relevant Energy NFR categories. Source allocation shall be coordinated with the Team Leader to ensure consistency across sector reported in NFR. 2.A.1 - Cement production: Process emissions from cement manufacturing, particularly particulate matter and other pollutants associated with clinker production. Relevant if cement production occurs in Moldova. 2.A.2 - Lime production: Emissions from lime manufacturing, including process-related particulate matter. Assess based on national production data. 2.A.3 - Glass production: Emissions from glass manufacturing processes, including particulate matter and relevant gaseous pollutants. 2.A.5.a - Quarrying and mining of minerals other than coal: Dust emissions from quarrying, extraction and handling of minerals. Relevant to Moldova’s stone, sand, gravel and other mineral extraction activities. 2.A.5.b - Construction and demolition: Dust generated by construction, demolition and related activities. Relevant to construction activity and infrastructure development. 2.A.5.c - Storage, handling and transport of mineral products: Dust from storage, loading, unloading and transport of bulk mineral materials. 2.B - Chemical industry: Process emissions from chemical manufacturing. Identify applicable subcategories based on the actual industries and production processes in Moldova. 2.C.1 - Iron and steel production: Process emissions from iron and steel production. Confirm applicability using national industrial activity data. 2.D.3.a - Domestic solvent use including fungicides: NMVOC emissions from household solvent-containing products and fungicide use. 2.D.3.b - Road paving with asphalt: NMVOC emissions associated with asphalt paving activities. Relevant to road construction and maintenance. 2.D.3.c - Asphalt roofing: Emissions from asphalt-based roofing material production and application. 2.D.3.d - Coating applications: NMVOC emissions from paints, varnishes and other coating products used in industrial, commercial and domestic applications. 2.D.3.e - Degreasing: Solvent emissions from industrial cleaning and degreasing operations. 2.D.3.f - Dry cleaning: Solvent emissions from dry-cleaning activities. 2.D.3.g - Chemical products: NMVOC emissions from the use of chemical products, as applicable to the national inventory. 2.D.3.h - Printing: Solvent emissions from printing processes and associated activities. 2.D.3.i, 2.G - Other solvent and product use: Other solvent and product-use activities not covered by the specific categories above. Specify the activities included in Moldova’s inventory. 2.H.2 Food and beverages industry Emissions from food and beverage production processes, excluding fuel combustion reported under the Energy sector. 2.H.3 - Other industrial processes: A residual category for industrial processes that cannot be assigned to a more specific NFR category. Use only where justified. 2.L - Other production, consumption, storage, transportation or handling of bulk products: Potentially relevant for bulk-product activities not covered by more specific categories; confirm the appropriate classification before reporting. The pollutants to be assessed shall include NOx, NMVOCs, SO₂, NH₃ and PM₂.₅, where applicable to the sector source categories concerned for NFR and emissions projections calculation. The Consultant shall coordinate with the Team Leader and submit proposals for the ERC summary report.
